Comparison of Apoptotic Index of Offsprings’ Rat (Mus musculus) Brain Cells Exposed to 3 Different Sequences of Mozart Compositions Exposed During Pre

Hermanto, Widjiati, Ismudi 2007

Abstract
Aims: to compare the Apoptotic Index of Offsprings rat brain cells exposed to 3 different sequences of Mozart compositions

Methode: Experimental study, double blind randomized study. Intervention group, consisted of 4-5 months healthy female Mus musculus chosen randomly and divided into two groups, first with musical exposure and the other as the control group. The intervention group divided into 3 subgroups according to the sequences of Mozart compositions. Superovulations were performed by administering 5 IU PGMSG injection, followed by HcG 5 IU 48 hours later and then breeded monomatingly. During pregnancy, 3 different sequences of Mozart compositions were used as independent variable which were used in the night, at the same time, duration and volume. After delivery, the offsprings were ‘sacrificed’ by chloroform, and their brain cells of the two groups were prepared by TUNEL (Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling)- developed by Gavrielli et al, to detect DNA fragment. The apoptotic cells were analyzed in 1000x magnifying microscope and the index were analyzed by Mann Whitney in SPSS 11. Settings. The study conducted at Dr Soetomo General Hospital and Veterinary Hospital Surabaya after ethical clearance and conducted on May 2007 – August 2007

Results: There were no dead fetus, no congenital major malformations and low birth weights in all groups. The heaviest birthweight and headweight achieved by the 1st sequence. Apoptotic index exposed to the first sequence was 8,22 ± 0,97, the second sequence was 9,44 ± 1,24, the third sequence was 9,56 ± 1,42 and nonexposed/ control was 18 ± 1,22. These differences were statistically significant either between exposed and nonexposed group and also between sub groups. (p=0,042 and p=0028), but not between the second and the third group

Conclusions: Different sequences of Mozart compositions showed different apoptotic index. The 1st sequence gave the lowest apoptotic index compared with other group.

Keywords: Mus musculus, offspring brain cells, apoptotic index, Mozart compositions sequences
Keywords: 3 sequences of Mozart compositions, Apoptotic Index, Offsprings Mus musculus brain cells

Comparison of Apoptotic Index and Number of Pyramidal Cells of Offsprings’s Rat (Mus musculus) Brain Cells between Exposed and Non exposed Group to DH

Hermanto, Widjiati, Maksum 2006

Abstract
Aims: The main purpose of this experimental study was to compare the apoptotic index and number of the offspring’s Mus musculus brain pyramidal neurons between Intervention and non Intervention group to docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) during pregnancy.

Methode: Experimental study, double blind randomized controlled study. Intervention group were given 20 mg DHA per oral, once daily, in the morning at the same time during early pregnancy until deliver the fetus. After delivery, for both groups, the offsprings were sacrificed by decapitation and the brain’s pyramidal cells were prepared by double staining with EMX 1 and TUNEL method to measure apoptotic index and number pyramidal neurons. The study conducted at Veterinary Hospital Airlangga University Surabaya after ethical clearence. Laboratory staining were done at Biomedic SOM Brawijaya University Malang.

Results: We found that the apoptotic index (2,15 ± 1,19) in Intervention group much lower than (6,77 ± 2,92) in control group. The number of pyramidal neurons (149,69 ± 34,53) in Intervention group much higher than (101,50 ± 26,14), in control group. According to statistical test the different were significant with p = 0,000. Another interesting finding was that the male offsprings had lower apoptotic index compare with the female rat

Conclusions: The apoptotic index of the Intervention group was significantly lower than non Intervention group and the number pyramidal neurons of the Intervention group was significantly increase compare with the non Intervention group.

Key Word: Mus musculus, pyramidal neuron, apoptotic index, DHA, pregnancy

Apoptotic Index of Rattus novergicus Offsprings Brain’ Cells. Randomized Double Blind Trial Between Exposed and Nonexposed Group to Mozart Composition

Hermanto, Widjiati, Rizarina 2005

Abstract

Aims: The main purposes of this experimental study was to compare the apoptotic index of the offsprings’s rat brain cells between exposed and nonexposed group to the Mozart compositions during pregnancy.

Methode: Experimental study, double blind randomized study. Intervention group, consisted of 4-5 3 months healthy female Rattus novergicus. chosen randomly and divided into two groups, first with musical exposure and the other as the control group. Superovulations were performed by administering 5 IU PGMSG injection, followed by HcG 5 IU 48 hours later and then breeded monomatingly. During pregnancy, eleven Mozart compositions were used as independent variable and exposed in the night, at the same time, duration and volume. After delivery, the offsprings were ‘sacrificed’ by chloroform, and their brain cells for both groups were prepared by TUNEL (Terminal Deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated deoxy-UTP nick end labeling) method-developed by Gavrielli et al, to detect DNA fragment. The apoptotic cells were analyzed in 1000 x magnifying microscope and the index were analyzed by Mann Whitney in SPSS 11. Settings. The study conducted at Dr Soetomo General Hospital and Veterinary Hospital Surabaya after ethical clearance. For TUNEL preparation performed in Malang. The study conducted on November 2004 to February 2005

Results: Each group consisted of 10 rats, treated monomatingly to get pregnant (2 pregnancy in intervention group and 3 in control group) resulted in 12 and 18 offsprings respectively and 11 chosen in each group to be prepared. No significant different in gestational age (22-23 days) and offsprings weights (15 – 18 g) between two groups; though the heaviest birth and head weights were in the exposed group. Apoptotic index in intervention group were 2 (5) and 3(6) and in control group 6(1), 7(3), 8(5) and 9(2) with median 3 and 8 and p 0,000 (significant). By Spearman correlation test we found rho = -,887 in - p 0,000, a significant correlation between apoptotic index and the intervention.

Conclusions: The apoptotic index of exposed group was significantly lower than the non exposed group. This study confirmed and proved the effect of Mozart compositions during pregnancy in decreasing the apoptotic index of rat brain cells that might also occur to the human brain.

Keywords: Rattus novergicus, offspring’s brain cells, Mozart compositions during pregnancy, apoptotic index.

The Comparison of Fetal Biophysical Profile Changes Due to Mozart K265 Compositions Exposed by Day and Night

Hermanto, Agus S, Indra P 2005

Abstract
Aims: The purpose of this study was to compare the fetal biophysical profile (fBPP) changes due to WA Mozart K265 compositions exposed to the singleton term pregnant women by day and night.

Methode: It was a pre and post-test design, each group consisted of 12 term low risk pregnancies from outpatient clinic Dr Soetomo General Hospital, November – December 2005, after signed informed consent and ethical clearance. The fetal heart rate(FHR) baseline, frequency and duration of the FHR acceleration, fetal breathing movement, fetal movement, M mode and Doppler velocimetry (Pulsatility and Resistancy index) of the umbilical artery recorded before and after K265 exposure. The loudspeakers placed abdominally, volume were set 3 on the panel (heard only by the fetus not the mother), the fetal FBP recorded by Hitachi EUB 515A USG scanner and, cardiotocography by HP series 50 A.

Results: No fetal distress observed during and after exposure in the day and night. And no significant differences in all variables studied before and after exposure in the night. There were statistically significant differences in frequency, increase and duration of fetal heart accelerations, and the number of fetal movements percepted by mothers in the day. There were significant differences between changes in frequency 1,25±1,06 to -0,42±0,99 and increase of the fetal heart acceleration 7,33±10,00 to -2,46±11,61 between day and night.

Conclusions: This study showed that the effects Mozart K265 on FBP modulated by diurnal pattern. A more sophisticated study on the effect of musical exposure to the fetal behaviour and brain by functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Positron Emition Tomography was proposed in order to have a safe, cheap and rational methode to increase the intelligences of the fetus.

Keywords: Fetal Biophysical Profile, K265 Mozart compositions, day and night.

The Influence of Mozart K265 Abdominally Exposed to the Biophysical Profile of Term Singleton Fetuses Evaluated by 2 D and “4 D” USG scanning

Hermanto, Agus S, Didi D 2004

Abstract

Aims: To analyze the influence of Mozart K265 exposed abdominally to the biophysical profile of term singleton low risk pregnancies.

Methode: Experimental study to pregnant women from Dr Soetomo General Hospital outpatient clinic in September 2004. 12 singleton term low risk pregnancies exposed to Mozart K265 after signed informed consent and ethical clearance. The fetal biophysical profile (Cardiotochography, fetal movement, fetal breathing movement, fetal heart M mode, Doppler velocimetry of umbilical artery, and face profile/ mimic: smiling, yawning, palpebra movement) scanned by 2 D and 4 D probe of GE Voluson Expert . The fetal FBP recorded by Hitachi EUB 515A USG scanner and, cardiotocography by HP series 50 A. These dependent variables recorded twice, before and soon after the Mozart K265 exposure.

Result: No fetal distress observed during and after intervention. Before and after exposure, there were significant changes in fetal heart baseline rate 136,25 + 6,44 and 142,50 + 7,50, fetal heart acceleration 8/4 to 12/0, fetal heart variability 6,5 + 1,73 to 10,0 + 1,21, fetal breathing movement 1/10/1/0 to 0/1/6/5; There were no significant changes in fetal movement 10/2 to 12/0, m Mode 144,00 + 14,31 and 150,25 + 10,59, Doppler Velocimetry umbilical arteries Pulsatility Index 0,82 + 0,12 to 0,86 + 0,09, Resistance Index 0,55 + 0,04 to 0,57 + 0,04 and S/D ratio 2,16 + 0,34 to 2,29 + 0,37, fetal mimic (mostly eyes and mouth closed)

Conclusions: There were significant changes before and after Mozart K265 exposure in fetal heart rate baseline and acceleration, fetal breathing movement. No significant changes in fetal movement, M mode of fetal heart, Pulsatility Index, Resistance Index and S/D ratio of Umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry, and fetal mimic

Keywords: Mozart K265, Biophysical Profile, Term Pregnancy, USG 2 D and “4 D”

Sound Attenuation in Pregnant Sheep Measured by Intrauterine Microphone

Hermanto, Komang, Diah, Djamil 2003

Abstract

Aims: To measure the sound attenuation of external sound by the abdominal and uterine wall of pregnant sheep.

Methode: Experimental study, 2 pregnant singleton term healthy sheeps after ethical clearance. Independent variables were external sound in multifrequency and multi intensity, dependent variable was sound intensity measured by intrauterine microphone. In general anaesthesia, the microphone was inserted inside the uterus without breaking the amnionic wall through the abdominal and uterine wall. Basic sound levels were recorded and then external sound exposed and recorded intrauterinely at frequency of 31,5, 63, 125, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000, 6000, 8000 Hz and intensity of 80, 85, 90, 95 and 100 dB respectively. The exposed and intrauterine sound were recorded simultaneously. All data were processed by Soundforce program(@) in Pentium 3 hardisk and the intensities were measured by sound level meter.
Settings: Veterinary Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary Airlangga University Surabaya.

Results: The basic intrauterine sound levels were between 43 – 58 dB at frequencies of 31,5 – 8000 Hz. The external sound in all frequencies were attenuated. The average differences between the intensity of external and recorded sound in two sheeps was 16,757 ±8,07787, which was statistically significance (paired t test). Sound attenuation at frequency of 2000 – 8000 Hz were bigger than frequency < 2000 Hz.

Conclusion: This study showed that the external sounds were attenuated by abdominal and uterine wall at all range of frequencies and intensities. This confirmed the hypothesis that the musical stimulation to the mother- in the next studies, must be placed in the abdominal wall of the mother in order to decrease the attenuation effect.

Keywords: Sound Attenuation, intrauterine microphone, pregnant sheep

The Influence of Various Musical Compositions Exposure During Pregnancy to the Number of Offsprings’ Rattus novergicus Brain Cells (presented at 2nd M

Hermanto, Estoepangestoe ATS, Widjiati. 2002

Abstract

Aims: This study aimed to explore the influence of musical exposure during pregnancy to the number of offsprings’ rat brain cells.

Methode: Experimental study. Twenty four female 4-5 months-aged Rattus novergicus chosen randomly and divided into two groups, first with musical exposure and the other as the control group. The exposed group divided into three subgroups: with Mozart music, with gamelan music and with nDangdut music, each group consisted of 6 rats. Superovulations were performed by administering 5 IU PGMSG injection, followed by HcG 5 IU 48 hours later and then breeded monomatingly. During pregnancy, musical exposure were given 30 minutes each day until delivery: in days 21. After delivery, the offsprings brain cells were prepared, fixed in buffered formaldehyde, stained in silver nitrate and evaluated in 1000 x magnifying microscope.

Result: There were no fetal dead, low birth weight, and malformation in all groups. The number of offsprings’ rat brain cells in the exposed group were significantly increased, compared with the control group, the highest was almost 300% percent. The number of offsprings’ rat brain cells of the Mozart group were 136,9 ± 9,89, Gamelan group 80,58 ± 3,19, nDangdut group 70,79 ± 5,56, while the control group 44,21 ± 11,75; which were statistically significant between two groups and also between the subgroups.(p

Conclusion: Musical exposure to the pregnant Rattus novergicus increased the offsprings’ rat brain cells significantly. The increase of the offsprings’ brain cells was the highest on Mozart music, followed by Gamelan and Dangdut.

Keywords: Pregnant Rattus novergicus, musical exposure; Mozart, Gamelan, Dangdut, offsprings’ rat brain cells